Prompt, appropriate treatment can ensure that you regain normal or nearly normal function and use of your hand and wrist after this injury.
After checking to make sure no one saw you, you realize your wrist is very sore and perhaps swollen or crooked. You may have sustained a broken wrist or distal radius fracture. This forearm bone along the thumb side of the wrist is the most commonly broken bone in the arm affecting over 600,000 individuals a year. Prompt, appropriate treatment can ensure that you regain nearly normal, if not normal function and use of your hand and wrist after this injury.
Wrist (Distal Radius) Fracture: What is it?
The radius is one of the two forearm bones and the distal end is the part that connects to the wrist bones. This part of the bone is often broken when the wrist is forcefully extended as it often is when you try and catch your fall; however, there are many ways the bone can be broken. The severity of the fracture can range from a simple crack in the bone all the way to a severe break with multiple fragments that may break through the skin.
Symptoms: What does a Wrist Fracture feel like?
- Wrist fractures usually result in immediate pain, swelling, and bruising.
- The wrist may or may not look crooked or bent backwards depending on the severity of the injury.
- Weakness or inability to bear weight on the wrist or a sensation of the wrist giving way or buckling can result from a fracture.
- A common misperception is that if you can move the wrist, it must not be broken. Often with less severe fractures the wrist can still be moved just with some discomfort.
- Occasionally if the swelling or deformity is severe enough, there can be numbness or tingling in the fingers.
Causes
The most common cause of a wrist fracture is a fall on an outstretched arm. Individuals with osteoporosis have weaker bones and are more likely to break their wrist with a simple fall from standing height. However, with enough force such as in a car accident or fall from a height even a healthy bone can break.
Evaluation: How is a Wrist Fracture diagnosed?
If the wrist is not deformed and your feeling in the fingers is normal and your pain is manageable, it may be possible to wait until the next day to be seen. If the wrist is deformed or your pain is not manageable or certainly if the fingers are numb or are not pink and warm, you should be evaluated more urgently. Your doctor will ask you questions about your injury and examine your hand and wrist.
X-ray
X-rays are the first line test to assess for a broken bone. X-rays show if the bone is broken and how severely it is angled or displaced.
CT Scan
Occasionally if the X-rays are inconclusive or if there are multiple pieces, a CT scan will be obtained to better assess for a fracture and whether or not surgery is necessary.
MRI
Occasionally, if there is suspicion for a ligament injury in addition to the fracture, an MRI will be obtained to better evaluate the ligaments and soft tissue structures of the wrist.
Treatment
Non-operative treatment
- If the bone is in good alignment, a cast or splint may be used to hold the wrist in position while the bone heals.
- Ice, elevation of the hand and wrist and gentle finger motion help to control swelling and pain, especially the first few days after the injury.
- X-rays are often repeated in a week or two to confirm that the bone is still in good position.
- The wrist is immobilized for approximately 6 weeks at which point X-rays are again obtained to confirm fracture healing.
- Taking 500 mg of Vitamin C daily has been shown to decrease the risk of nerve pain that sometimes develops with distal radius fractures.
- Once the fracture is healed, therapy is often started to regain wrist range of motion and strength and activities with the wrist are gradually advanced.
Surgery
- If the bone is not in good alignment surgery may be recommended to optimize future wrist function and minimize discomfort.
- Surgery is an outpatient procedure meaning the patient can return home the same day as surgery.
- Surgery may involve realigning or “setting” the fracture with or without making an incision.
- The bone is held in place with metal pins or plates and screws.
- Ice, elevation of the hand, and gentle finger motion help to control swelling and pain, especially the first few days after the injury.
- Taking 500 mg of Vitamin C daily has been shown to decrease the risk of nerve pain that sometimes develops with distal radius fractures.
- Surgery can speed up the recovery process as typically within the first week or two patients are placed in a removable splint and gentle range of motion exercises are started.
- Usually around 6 weeks the fracture is healed, the splint discontinued and strengthening exercises started
- Risks of surgery are low and include, but are not limited to wound healing problems, infection, nerve, tendon, or blood vessel damage, delayed bone healing or failure of the bone to heal, and painful hardware that may need to be removed.
Recovery: What Can Be Expected?
Distal radius fractures generally take about 6 weeks for the bone to heal. But there is a wide range in severity of these injuries and it can take several months for the soft tissues to heal and to regain motion, strength and function. Pain is usually managed with keeping the hand elevated, ice, over-the-counter medications such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Occasionally, stronger prescription opioid medications may be prescribed for a few days following the injury or surgery. How much use of the hand is permitted depends on the severity of the injury. Initially, the cast or surgical splint must be kept clean and dry with a bag over it while showering. Washing the hand is often allowed when the cast or surgical splint is removed. After 6 weeks if the wrist is healing appropriately, therapy is often started and activities and use of the hand and wrist can be gradually advanced as tolerated.
Frequently asked questions about Wrist Fractures
How do I know if I need to see a doctor for my injury?
If your wrist is crooked or your pain is not controlled with over-the-counter pain medications you should be evaluated as soon as possible for X-rays of the wrist. If you have bruising around the wrist or forearm and your pain lasts more than a couple days, you should seek medical treatment and have X-rays of the wrist.
How soon should I see a doctor if I’m concerned my wrist is broken?
If your bone is not protruding through the skin, your fingers are not numb and tingling, your fingers are pink and warm and your pain is manageable, you can wait until the following day to be seen. If you are unsure, our OI Now walk-in clinic is available for more urgent evaluation. If the bone is protruding through the skin, or the fingers are not pink and warm, you should be seen in an Emergency Department as soon as possible.
If I can move my fingers and wrist does that mean the bone is not broken?
Not necessarily. With stable fractures where there is just a simple crack in the bone you may still be able to move the wrist. These injuries should still be evaluated and protected with a cast or splint to prevent the bones from shifting with daily activities.
What is the difference between a broken bone and a fractured bone?
Nothing. Orthopedic surgeons use the terms interchangeably. Factors that are important to orthopedic surgeons are whether the fracture is
- “open” (bone has broken through the skin) or “closed” (no injury to the skin or bleeding from the skin adjacent to the fracture)
- “displaced” (bone pieces are separated) or “non-displaced” (a simple crack in the bone)
- “Intra-articular” (the break extends into a joint surface) or “extra-articular” (the portion of the bone that is broken does not include a joint surface)
How do I know if I need surgery for my broken wrist?
X-rays are most helpful in evaluating the best treatment for a wrist fracture. Some fractures should definitely be treated without surgery, some should definitely be treated with surgery, and some can be treated with either surgery or just a cast or splint. Your surgeon will discuss with you the pros and cons of each treatment for your specific injury.
What happens if a wrist fracture is left untreated?
It depends on the location and severity of the fracture. If the bones or joint are not appropriately aligned, arthritis can develop resulting in loss of motion, strength and ongoing pain.
How long will I be out of work after surgery?
This depends on the nature of your work and the willingness of your work to accommodate light duty. Low demand activities such as clerical work can often be resumed within days after surgery. Higher demand activities can be gradually resumed as tolerated often between 2-3 months after surgery.
How soon can I drive after breaking my wrist?
You should not drive while taking narcotic pain medications. There are not specific guidelines about returning to driving after a wrist fracture. Talk with your surgeon about your specific injury and when you may be safe to resume driving.
Will my plate and screws set off the metal detector at the airport?
It depends on the size and material of the implants, but even if it does it should not slow down your travel plans. Documentation is not required by airport security and usually a simple scan of the wrist and showing the scar is enough to allow you to proceed through the security checkpoint.
How can I prevent future fractures?
If you broke your wrist in a low-energy fall, you should talk with your doctor about being evaluated for osteoporosis or fragile bones. A wrist fracture may be a sign that your bones are more fragile. In general, weight bearing activities such as lifting weights, a healthy diet with adequate calcium (1000-1200 mg/day) and vitamin D (800-1000 international units/day) and avoiding nicotine are important for minimizing your risk of broken bones.
Physicians
The following physicians specialize in the treatment of Wrist Fractures:
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I highly recommend Dr. Jones to anyone having issues with their hands. I made an appointment with Dr. Jones based on a recommendation from someone who has the opportunity to work with him in the OR. I was told he was a very good surgeon and ‘one of the nicest people you will ever meet’. I was extremely happy with my first visit. He believes surgery should be a last resort and recommended a cortisone shot and splints to wear as needed. So far this has been very effective for me. Great results!
GREAT DOCTOR!!! So professional, but still down to earth!! Love this Doctor!! 2 surgeries by him, and will only have him again!! Does a beautiful job on my hand!! Thanks Dr. Jones!!!!! Highly recommend Dr. Jones!!
I have been very pleased with the professionalism and quality of care that Dr. Jones has demonstrated. He has been very compassionate and dedicated to making sure that I gain back as much function in my hands as possible. He was proactive in managing the pain after surgery by using a nerve block. This allowed me to focus on healing rather than focusing on the pain.
On October 10th I finally had Carpal Tunnel Relief Surgery to hopefully help the problem. Dr. David Jones Jr. with the Orthopedic Institute @orthoisf in Sioux Falls did the surgery. The first thing I noticed within a couple days of surgery is that I was sleeping through the night, and dreaming. Now that may sound strange but I haven’t really had dreams at night for years because I was constantly waking up and never able to reach a deep sleep where dreams happen. The next thing I noticed is that my hands were not going numb and were pain free when I would drive a car or hold my phone. On October 23, thirteen days after surgery I returned to the Orthopedic Institute to see Dr. Jones for a checkup and to get my stitches removed. I decided to make the the 4 hour round trip on my bike. My hands never went numb one time and I had no pain! I could not be happier with the outcome! Why did I wait so long to get this done?! #relief #letsride#TeamUpOI
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