Scoliosis: What Is It?
Scoliosis is a condition where the spine curves sideways, often in an “S” or “C” shape. This curve is more than 10 degrees when measured on an X-ray. Scoliosis is not just a single-dimensional curve, but the spine can also twist and lose its normal alignment. This means scoliosis affects the spine in three dimensions.
The most common form is adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, which typically affects kids between the ages of 10 and 18, especially girls. However, scoliosis can occur in infants, young children, and even adults later in life. Whether you are dealing with it as a child or as an adult, scoliosis can be a challenging condition that requires the right care, including expert evaluation and treatment from specialists like those at Orthopedic Institute.
Symptoms: What Does Scoliosis Feel Like?
Scoliosis symptoms can vary from person to person. Some people might not even notice anything unusual, especially in the early stages. However, as the curve progresses, the following symptoms might appear:
- Uneven shoulders or hips
- One shoulder blade that sticks out more than the other
- Back pain, which is more common in adults
- A visible curve in the spine
- Trouble breathing in severe cases due to reduced chest space
- Fatigue due to muscle strain from the misalignment
If you or your child notice any of these symptoms, it is important to see a doctor, especially if the curve seems to be worsening over time.
Causes of Scoliosis
There are several types of scoliosis, each with different causes:
- Congenital Scoliosis: This type happens when the spine does not form correctly before birth.
- Abnormal spinal bones can lead to a curve that may worsen as the child grows.
- Idiopathic Scoliosis: The most common type, especially in adolescents. The cause of idiopathic scoliosis is unknown, but it tends to run in families.
- Neuromuscular Scoliosis: Seen in people with conditions like cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy. The muscles around the spine are weak, causing the spine to curve.
- Degenerative Scoliosis: This type occurs in adults, often due to wear and tear on the spine over time. Arthritis, osteoporosis, or disc degeneration can lead to this condition in older adults.
Evaluation: How is Scoliosis Diagnosed?
Diagnosing scoliosis usually starts with a physical exam, where a doctor looks for visible signs like uneven shoulders or hips. They may also check for a “rib hump,” a sign that the spine is rotating. If scoliosis is suspected, imaging tests are the next step:
- X-rays: The main tool to confirm scoliosis and measure the degree of the curve.
- CT Scan: Sometimes used for a more detailed look at the spine.
- MRI: Used if there is concern about underlying issues like spinal cord problems.
At Orthopedic Institute, experts use the latest imaging technologies to ensure accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.
Treatment Options for Scoliosis
The treatment for scoliosis depends on factors like age, the size of the curve, and how fast it is progressing. For some, observation is enough, while others might need more active treatment.
Pediatric Scoliosis Treatment
Observation: Small curves (less than 20 degrees) may not need immediate treatment. Regular check-ups are crucial to see if the curve is worsening.
- Bracing: For children and teens with moderate curves (20-45 degrees), bracing can help prevent further curvature as they grow.
- Casting: In very young children, a special cast may be used to correct the curve.
- Surgery: For severe curves (over 45-50 degrees) or those worsening quickly, surgery might be necessary. Surgeons at Orthopedic Institute use rods, screws, and hooks to correct the curve and stabilize the spine.
Adult Scoliosis Treatment
- Physical Therapy: Strengthening the muscles around the spine can reduce pain and improve posture.
- Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers, like ibuprofen, can help with pain management.
- Injections: For people with spinal arthritis or pinched nerves, corticosteroid injections might reduce inflammation and pain.
- Surgery: Surgery might be recommended to reduce pain, improve mobility, or correct severe spinal misalignment.
Feeling anxious about an injection?
Getting the care you need should not be stressful. Orthopedic Institute now offers nitrous oxide to help you relax during your procedure. Ask your provider today if nitrous oxide could be right for you.
Recovery: What Can You Expect?
Recovery from scoliosis depends on the type of treatment received. Non-surgical treatments like physical therapy or bracing often involve follow-up visits to monitor progress.
If surgery is necessary, recovery can take weeks to months. For more minor surgeries, like nerve decompression, patients might return to normal activities within 6 to 12 weeks. For more extensive surgeries, such as spinal fusion, it could take up to a year for a full recovery.
At Orthopedic Institute, your treatment team will guide you through every step, from diagnosis to recovery. With expert care and follow-up, most people with scoliosis go on to lead active, healthy lives.
Frequently Asked Questions
Expert Orthopedic Care in the Greater Sioux Falls Area
Orthopedic Institute is known for providing expert scoliosis care. Their team of specialists, who have years of experience treating scoliosis in patients of all ages. Whether you’re in need of a diagnosis, treatment, or surgery, Orthopedic Institute is here to help.